7. Decoding the Internet: From DNS to Advanced Service Discovery

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How does the invisible architecture of the internet keep everything running smoothly? Prepare to have your mind blown as we unravel the mysteries of the Domain Name System (DNS) in this episode of Learn System Design. We'll guide you through the intricate process of how your browser finds the correct IP address for a domain name, likening DNS to an enormous, sophisticated key-value database. Discover the essential components that make DNS work seamlessly, from DNS servers and resource records to caching mechanisms. We break down the DNS hierarchy, explaining the pivotal roles of recursive resolvers, root name servers, and top-level domain servers.
But that's not all—we're also diving deep into the world of service discovery patterns. Which is better: client-side or server-side discovery? We'll weigh the pros and cons of each, spotlighting real-world examples like Netflix's Eureka and AWS Elastic Load Balancer. Learn why a service registry is crucial for maintaining an updated list of services and how heartbeat checks fit into this ecosystem. Finally, we explore three popular service discovery methods—DNS-based, Apache Zookeeper, and sidecar services—giving you an in-depth look at their benefits and limitations. This episode is your ultimate guide to building robust and efficient systems, so tune in and elevate your system design knowledge!
Learn more about the different types of DNS Records (Zone files)

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1. Understanding DNS Infrastructure and Domain Names (00:00:00)

2. Comparing Service Discovery Patterns (00:15:06)