Romans 5:12-21, The Universal Applicability of Justifications

Bible Study with Dr. Thomas Constable

Romans 5:12-21 addresses the concept of sin and its effects on humanity, while also highlighting the redemptive power of Jesus Christ. Here is a summary of this passage:
In these verses, the apostle Paul begins by explaining that sin entered the world through one man, Adam, and as a result, death spread to all people because all have sinned. Sin has brought separation from God and a state of spiritual death to humanity.
Paul emphasizes that sin was present even before the law of Moses was given, but it was not accounted for in the same way as when the law was established. Nevertheless, the consequences of sin remained evident.
However, Paul highlights the abundant grace and gift of righteousness that God has offered through Jesus Christ. He contrasts Adam, who brought sin and death into the world, with Jesus, who brings forgiveness and eternal life.
Through Adam's disobedience, many were made sinners, but through Jesus' obedience, many will be made righteous. God's grace is far greater than the effects of sin, and His gift of righteousness through Jesus surpasses the condemnation brought by Adam's sin.
Paul emphasizes that the law came to increase sin, but where sin increased, God's grace abounded even more. Sin had reigned in death, but now, through Jesus, grace reigns through righteousness, leading to eternal life.
In conclusion, Romans 5:12-21 highlights the universality of sin and its consequences, but it also emphasizes the surpassing power of God's grace and the gift of righteousness through Jesus Christ. By accepting this gift, humanity can be reconciled with God and experience eternal life.